Impact of Breathing Exercises on Low Back Pain and the Diagnostic Role of Artificial Intelligence: A Narrative Review

Paper ID : 1055-ISCSR3 (R2)

Authors

Malak Mohamed Abd El-Halim *, Moamen Nageh Abdelraheem, Menna-T-Allah Amir Elramly, Tarek Hanfy Mahmoud, Wael Gomaa Abdalnaeem Deraya university

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common clinical problems. Incidence of LBP is 5%, while its prevalence is 60 to 80%. Mostly, while evidence supports breathing exercises for low back pain (LBP), AI-driven diagnostics can enhance clinical precision by identifying biomechanical or structural abnormalities. Objective: This study investigates the therapeutic impact of breathing exercises on pain intensity, respiratory function, and spinal stability with emerging role of AI in improving diagnostic accuracy for LBP. Methods: The author conducted a PubMed search Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Consensus databases with keywords "breathing exercises,” “respiratory exercises,” “low back pain,” “AI in spinal diagnostics,” “machine learning,” “biomechanical analysis"". “The review includes studies published between January 2010 and January 2025, focusing on back pain, exercise, almost 45 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: This review consists of 45 articles 17 systematic reviews and meta analyses, and 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Most of studies showed a statistically significant improvement in total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Also studies showed a statistically significant reduce pain intensity, improve lumbar movement control and physical function. AI algorithms (e.g., convolutional neural networks) achieved 73–92% accuracy in classifying patients with low back pain by using spinal motion and muscle activity data. AI also identified nerve compression in MRI scans. Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that Breathing exercises significantly reduce pain and improve functional outcomes in LBP patients. Separately, AI demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy (73–92%) in identifying spinal pathologies. Future research should explore synergies between these domains.

Keywords

Breathing exercises, pain, low back, Artificial intelligence.

Status: Abstract Accepted